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• Original Article
• Open Access
• Bin Liu

Accumulating studies had revealed that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome was involved in the occurrence and development of Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Harianna HacDonald

Rich in red wine, peanuts, and grape skin, resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,and antioxidant properties. It may help mitigate allergic inflammation. We looked at how resveratrol and the anti-allergy medication tranilast affected human mast cell activation. Resveratrol and tranilast both prevented substance P, IgE/anti-IgE, and compound 48/80 from inducing degranulation in LAD2 mast cells. When added concurrently to physiological stimuli, resveratrol inhibited degranulation immediately and maintained the effect for up to 24 hours. Although cAMP was not necessary for the inhibitory effect, it might have been caused by calcium modulation, resveratrol, and, to a lesser extent, tranilast, which preceded substance P-induced elevations.

• Case Report
• Open Access
• Alena N. Estinov

Serum immunoglobulin A antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene and estradiol were thought to rise in tandem but not individually, hence increasing the risk of lung and breast cancer. However, when the levels of immunoglobulins A against progesterone increased either alone or in combination with immunoglobulins A against benzo[a]pyrene and estradiol, the risks of cancer significantly decreased. Therefore, in a developing cancer scenario, immunoglobulins A against benzo[a] pyrene and immunoglobulins A against estradiol acted as co-initiators and co-promoters; however, immunoglobulins A against progesterone acted in concert with or alongside immunoglobulins A against benzo[a] pyrene and estradiol as a potent inhibitor in the development of human carcinogenesis.

• Review Article
• Open Access
• Glorian J. Crunt

Human trials are currently being conducted to determine whether certain Toll-like receptor (TLR) antagonists can improve the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy (SIT). According to recent clinical findings, this could be accomplished by boosting Th1 responses that are specific to allergens. Which TLR agonist is most appropriate for use in conjunction with SIT remains unclear, though

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Seata Beptuła-Karan

Recently, a class of immune cells known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has been identified. ILCs are capable of maintaining homeostasis and defending humans and other mammals against infections and illnesses. In light of this, studies on ILC are still being conducted to learn more about the biology of these cells and how they function in the human body. Since ILCs are a diverse subset of immune cells, it is critical that the medical community stays up to date on the most recent findings about the roles played by ILC families in a number of disease states.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Kanchez Parlon

One class of allergens originating from domestic animals that is clinically significant for the emergence of allergic reactions is lipocalins. They have been described in various animal species. Little is known about the epitopes involved in allergy responses despite the fact that allergenic capability has been characterised. Here, bioinformatics technologies were used to investigate putative antigenic areas involved in lipocalin cross-reactivity.