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Correspondence to Author: Abdul Basit¹, M Khalil Ur Rehman², Muneeb Saifullah¹,Abdul Mabood Basil³, Hamza Naeem¹. 

1. King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan.
2. Sialkot Medical College Sialkot, Pakistan.
3. Spinghar Medical University Kabul, Afghanistan

DOI: 10.52338/taoim.2025.4691

Abstract:

Long COVID-19 syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex condition with persistent neurological and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut-brain axis (GBA) dysfunction, driven by gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammation, and vagus nerve impairment. SARS-CoV-2 alters gut microbiota, reducing beneficial bacteria and increasing intestinal permeability, leading to systemic inflammation that exacerbates cognitive and GI symptoms. Neuroinflammatory processes disrupt neurotransmitter balance, contributing to brain fog, mood disorders, and neurodegeneration. Targeted therapies, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), offer potential for symptom relief. Understanding GBA disruption in Long COVID could pave the way for novel treatments.

Citation:

Dr.Abdul Mabood Basil, A Comprehensive Narrative Review On Long COVID-19 Syndrome And The Gut-Brain Axis: A New Frontier In Post-Viral Syndromes. The Annals of Internal Medicine 2025.